| General Overview

| TECHNOLOGICAL MATURITY LEVEL

0
IDEA

Unproven concept, no testing has been performed

1
BASIC RESEARCH

You can now describe the need(s) but have no evidence

2
TECHNOLOGY FORMULATION

Concept and application have been formulated

3
Concept Validation

You have an initial offering: stakeholders like your slideware

4
SMALL SCALE PROTOTYPE

Built in a laboratory environment (ugly' prototype)

5
LARGE SCALE PROTOTYPE

Tested in intended environment

6
Pilot System

Tested in intended environment close to expected performance

7
DEMONSTRATION SYSTEM

Operating in operational environment at pre commercial scale

8
FIRST OF A KIND COMMERCIAL SYSTEM

All technical processes and systems to support commercial activity in ready state

9
FULL COMMERCIAL APPLICATION

Technology on general availability for all consumers

0 Discovery of H2 at the Earth surface Done
1 Systematic investigation of H₂ seepages across diverse geological settings Done
2 Short-term site monitoring Done for 2-3 sites
3 Understanding of the origin of H2 Done for 2-3 sites
4 Small-scale prototype of continuous H₂ fluxes / Numerical modeling of seepage dynamics In Progress in Academia
5 Medium-scale prototype (1200 m): sustained demonstration over several years Hydroma (Mali)
6 First deep borehole (3000-5000 m) Natural Hydrogen energy LLC
Desert Mountain Energy
7 Pre-commercial regional plan with delineation and multiple boreholes In progress Santos (Australia)
8 Scale-up of initial discovery for production Pending
9 Commercial-scale deployment Pending
Representation of the technology maturity level of natural hydrogen, from discovery to commercial application, with current examples of progress worldwide. Source: (Prinzhofer et al., 2023)

| LAND MAP

Potential Area

Potential Area

Study Areas 2024

Study Areas 2024
Maps of Colombia showing the potential area for natural hydrogen and the areas prioritized for geological and exploratory studies in 2024. Source: (ANH, 2024)

| STUDY PATHWAY

Paso 1
1

Review of existing information

Paso 2
2

Satellite Image Analysis

Paso 3
3

Collection of regional information

Paso 4
4

Analysis of subsoil characteristics

Paso 5
5

Fieldwork

Paso 6
6

Integration of information

Paso 6
7

Identification of Priority Areas

Maps of Colombia showing the potential area for natural hydrogen and the areas prioritized for geological and exploratory studies in 2024. Source: (ANH, 2024)
.

General

Roca generadora Global distribution of natural hydrogen discoveries (H₂ > 10%) according to their form of existence and geological setting.
Source: (Zgonnik, 2020)

Several studies have shown that molecular hydrogen is much more present in the Earth's subsurface than previously thought. Hydrogen can be found in three main forms in continental geological systems, depending on the environment and processes involved.

Free Gas

Roca generadora Natural gas burning continuously in Turkey, with 7.5-11.3% Hydrogen; active for more than 2500 years and associated with the origin of the first Olympic flame.
Source: (Zgonnik, 2020)

Molecular hydrogen in a gaseous state that migrates and accumulates in cavities, faults or permeability zones, manifesting itself in natural upwellings or seeps.

Inclusion in Rock

Roca generadora Photomicrographs of fluid inclusions in olivine crystals, where molecular hydrogen (H₂) may be trapped as gas in primary or secondary inclusions, the product of deep geological processes.
Source: (Grozeva et al., 2020)

Hydrogen trapped in gaseous inclusions within minerals or rocks, generated and retained by deep geological processes.

Dissolved in Groundwater

Roca generadora Types of aquifers according to atmospheric pressure.
Source: (Martínez et al., 2006)

Hydrogen in solution within aquifers, commonly associated with geothermal systems.

Bibliographic References

  • Agencia Nacional de Hidrocarburos. (2024). Estudios ANH - Vicepresidencia Técnica Divulgación y Apropiación del Conocimiento - Check this reference here
  • Grozeva, N. G., Klein, F., Seewald, J. S., & Sylva, S. P. (2020). Chemical and isotopic analyses of hydrocarbon-bearing fluid inclusions in olivine-rich rocks. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 378(2165), 20180431 - Check this reference here
  • Martínez, P., Martínez, P., y Castaño, S. (2006). Fundamento de Hidrogeología. Madrid: Ediciones Mundiprensa. ISBN: 84-8476-239-4 - Check this reference here
  • Prinzhofer, A., Deville, E., Pironon, J., Dymant, P., Cabaud, O., Truche, L., & otros. (2023). The place of natural hydrogen in the energy transition: A position paper. Comptes Rendus Geoscience, 355, 101303 - Check this reference here
  • Zgonnik, V. (2020). The occurrence and geoscience of natural hydrogen: A comprehensive review. Earth-Science Reviews, 203, 103140 - Check this reference here